A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Alternative energies
See renewable energies  

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Basic material 
Quartz sand and quartz gravel are the output material of monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar cells.

Bombardment
It is used for positioning impurity atoms into silicon. Most of these are boron or phosphorus atoms. After the cleaning process in other words sending all the foreign matter away from silicon at this  the positive or negative charged impurity atoms are located target. In this way the electrical conductivity inside the solar cell is improved. 

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CdTe – Cadmium-Tellurid  
This semiconductor is required for the production of amorphous solar cells which are used in thin layer photovoltaic modules. Silica is not necessary for quartz sand. For more information please look at the part hereafter: Production - From Factory to sun .

Carbon 
Carbon is used in chemical reaction in order to remove impurities from quartz gravel. The result is mostly pure raw silicon and after that it can be processed and shall be done the productivity of the most pure silicon for solar cells and semiconductors. 

Chemical cleaning 
Quartz sand or quartz gravel can turn into highly powerful modules for solar cells just after many necessary chemical processes. Trying to get for a hundred percent purity meanwhile. Pure Silicon = optimal efficiency degree of the solar cell. 

Components of a solar plant 
The most important parts of a solar plant are photovoltaic modules which consist of a few solar cells. Essential is at least one inverter. This device converts direct current to alternative current for the public electricity grid. 

Conductivity 
According to temperature and light radiation semiconductor silicon contains both the isolation and the conduction specifications together and electrical conductivity is improved deliberately by the method of atomic bombardment. 

Crystalline silicon 
Silicon crystals has glare dark grey top surface. According to the ordinance of crystal lattice we can talk about monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar cells. Also this ordinance influences the acquisition of electrical current provided from solar facility and the efficiency degree of the solar cell.

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Degree of purity 
Silicon finds different usage places at different purity degrees at industry. Raw silicon (98% purity degree) feature variety and separated to solar silicon (poly crystalline) and semi conductor silicon (mono crystalline).
 
Dry acquisition   
The quartz sand and quartz gravel seams are present at the elocations which are above the sea level. These are released after the soil is taken from their top and recovered from here constantly. A hole is felt out there while digging continues.  

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Eco balance 
The silica passes from exploitation processes and complex cleaning methods on the way to solar cell. Because of this every work step the eco balance degrade. The eco or energy balance tend to positive again with solar cells begin to produce electrical current. The details about this at the next part: “Production - From factory to sun” .

Energy crisis 
The decrease of the fuels like petrol and coal consisting of fossils make a necessary search of alternatives for producing energy. The Eco Trend started in the eighties procures much more focal point to renewable energy. Solar energy procures whole development in the 90’s. The stimulus programs given by government (see at REL) make solar energy attractive from a financial point of view for end users. Research and Development allows high-tech products to generate solar electricity. Various types of solar modules are available at the market by the time. The main interesting part of solar powers: clean electrical current from free solar power. 

Extraction of raw materials
Only the quartz sand and quartz gravel which has high amount of silica are tended to be processed. The familiar machines are used to stope these from their source: rubber tired loaders, trucks or excavators and also special machines for transportation and degradation shall be used according to the type of the land. The excavation shall be in dry acquisition or wet acquisition way according to the field of the raw materials location .
 
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Fossil fuels 
Inside the concept of the energy forms provided from fossils like petrol and coal defined as the materials which came out of after the formation term continued thousand years ago and the materials which will be sufficient only temporary. 
 
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Global radiation
As global radiation, the sum of sun lights fall onto a horizontal surface area on earth. It consists of direct, diffuse and reflected radiation. The total amount of these shall be different on each region, but it is essential for current efficiency.

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Industrial use   
The mined quartz gravel processes for other industry usages. The raw material from the gravel pit is finally processed into wafers in the cleaning room.

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Light energy
see solar power 

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Monocrystalline silicon 
It is possible to produce two kinds of crystallize silicon dependently to the production process: the important differences between monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon are seen at electrically conductivity and at factory costs. Both of them are the specifications that solar retailers pay attention at planning of solar power plants and check before giving photovoltaic modules recommendation. For more details about this subject look at the following part. Production – From factory to sun and On the roof- For flowing electrical current 
  
Mineral raw materials 
The natural raw material quartz sand is unlimited on earth. Strictly speaking it is impossible to be a reduction at silicon like sand at sea. Too much energy investment is necessary for the process of raw material. The new technologies at solar cell production give opportunity to make photovoltaic modules that produced from decreasing usage of silicon materials. In this way more favorable solar modules are possible. 

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Permanent energy forms   
Permanent energy forms protects the nature and environment for future generations. Contrary to fossil energy porters  the acquisition of permanent energy is independent from the limited raw material assets. See also renewable energies.
  
Photovoltaic 
The term photovoltaic denotes converting luminous energy to electrical current. The Photovoltaic effect was discovered at the first half of nineteenth century. First silicium solar cell was produced in the United States of America at 1954. It is improved for space techniques early on. The renewable energies got more and more importance since the energy crisis at the 70’s. The power of all mouthed photovoltaic facilities in Germany increased ten times more than the last period of the 90’s. 

Polycrystalline Silicon  
A kind of silicon used in production of solar cells. See also Monocrystalline silicon. 

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Quartz gravel
see quartz sand 

Quartz sand  
A big amount of quartz sand is silica and it is the output material for acquisition of silicon at the production of wafers and microchips. These materials are used in photovoltaic modules, computers and mobile phones. 

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Raw silicon
In spite of the fact that raw silicon purity degree is more than 98% but this purity degree is not enough for semiconductors and photovoltaic products. To refine the contaminations left to the ratio of billion percent a lot of chemical process must be used.

Renewable energies 
The meaning of this is the power productivity systems utilized from environmental natural processes. The utilization of generation of electricity and thermal energy from solar power right along with the ones work with wind and water power and geothermal facilities are also included to renewable energies. 

REL, Renewable Energy Law 
The REL brought legal obligation to all electrical grid servers to buy electrical current provided from renewable energies since from the year 2000. This law determines the incentive costs for all forms of energy in other words it determines the feed-in compensation that will be paid for each kilowatt-hour. The target of the law is increasing the ratio of renewable energies in the electrical current field constantly. The feeding of electrical current law dated 1991 was valid before REL. 

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Semiconductors
Semiconductors contain two different material specialties together. They conduct electrical current much better when the heat of environment much higher. At low heat levels they act like isolators and the conductivity of the semiconductors can be directed and improved by the particular bombardment.

  


Silicon / silicium 
Silicium (Lat.:Silex, quartz) is the second biggest element after oxygen founded inside of earth’s outer layers. Silica (SiO2) is located dependently at quartz sand and a lot of minerals. Its locations are unlimited. In crystal shape silicium is dark grey and the top surface is bright. It is used in especially photovoltaic operations and chip industry as a semiconductor. Compared to other semiconductors crystallized silicium have a high efficiency degree if it takes full light. Its disadvantage is high energy costs at production process. 2000 Celsius degree heat is needed for the hot melt. 

Solar cell 
There are many types of solar cells. They prove discrepancies about their structure, efficiency degree and optically. All of them have the characteristic of converting luminous energy to electrical current. Their usage facilities change according to power features of relevant cell type: silicium can found in the cell structures (mono and policrystalline) and in the amorphous cells unarranged. 

Solar power  
The sun light transports energy to solar cells. In photovoltaic module it turns into electricity by photovoltaic process.  

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Thin-film solar module
Solar cells are in various designs and for different purposes. The most common are the round and square shaped solar cells. These are formed from thick silicon circles. Conversely thin layer solar cells the semiconductor material has been deposited. For furthermore at the following part: Production – From factory to sun. 

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Wafer
In semiconductor industry this word entitles the crystallized silicium layers cut from silicium with laser. 

Washing of raw material  
The raw material extracted from seam then the quartz gravel is washed, dried and categorized by the size of the partitions. Some of partition sizes have more advantage in the following processes in the acquisition of solar energy industry.

Wet exploitation 
The quartz sand and quartz gravel is extracted more deep from water surface at wet exploitation. 

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